GRAMMAR FOUNDATIONS: UNDERSTANDING NOMINAL SENTENCES, VERBAL SENTENCES, AND TYPES OF VERBS IN ARABIC

Abstract

This research comprehensively analyzes the structure, characteristics, differences, and practical applications of jumlah ismiyyah (الجُمْلَةُ الإِسْمِيَّةُ) and jumlah fi'liyyah (الجُمْلَةُ الفِعْلِيَّةُ) in Arabic nahwu. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, the study examines 16 authentic examples from the Qur'an (e.g., QS. An-Nur: 35 اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ and QS. Al-A'raf: 54 خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ), sahih Hadith (e.g., الطُّهْرُ شَطْرُ الْإِيمَانِ HR. Muslim and صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ), and daily conversations (e.g., الْبَيْتُ كَبِيرٌ and ذَهَبَ الْوَلَدُ إِلَى الْمَدْرَسَةِ). Jumlah ismiyyah (الجُمْلَةُ الإِسْمِيَّةُ) comprising a mubtada' (مُبْتَدَأ) marfu'(مَرْفُوْعٌ) dan flexible khabar (خَبَر), primarily serves static descriptions of states and ontological affirmations such as tawhid and divine attributes. In contrast jumlah fi'liyyah (الجُمْلَةُ الفِعْلِيَّةُ), initiated by fi'il (فِعِل) madhi, mudhari', amr with fa'il (فَاعِل), and maf'ul bih (مَفْعُل بِه), emphasizes temporal dynamics, event narration, and imperative worship. I'rab analysis reveals high consistency in dhammah rafa' for ismiyyah and variations of fathah/jazm/nasab for fi'liyyah, ensuring semantic clarity in sacred texts without ambiguity. Findings affirm nahwu's foundational role in understanding the Qur'an and Hadith, with pedagogical implications including hybrid curricula based on authentic texts, contrastive drills of mubtada' (مُبْتَدَأ) - khabar (خَبَر) versus fi'il-fa'il (فِعِل فَاعِل), and digital i'rab applications for non-Arabic speakers. The study highlights hermeneutic value: ismiyyah for eternal aqidah, fi'liyyah for practical syariah, and relevance in daily communication. Recommendations encompass teacher training on interference, expansion to qira'at variants, and conversational simulation modules.